It's difficult-- nearly impossible, in some parts of the country-- to find an obstetrician who will agree to "let" a mother attempt to use her vagina for its biologically mandated purpose once she has had a cesarean. As access to hospital VBAC gets more and more rare, many moms opt to stay home, choosing to labor and birth with a midwife or on their own. Others, though, still want to have their babies in the hospital, but refuse to submit to a repeat cesarean. These mothers may plan to stay home as long as possible in labor, waiting until the last moment to notify their OB and go to Labor & Delivery. Sometimes this works-- "showing up pushing" can mean that even a VBAC-wary doctor won't have time to object, when they walk into the room and the baby is already crowning. Other times, though, the ploy fails: there are many horrible stories (see Jennifer Block's
Pushed for details) of mothers arriving in the emergency room in hard labor, and being forced instead to undergo a stat section. One dear friend experienced just that: as she neared the end of a perfectly normal labor, she was wheeled into the OR, screaming, "I do not consent!" No one listened; she was cut against her wishes. Another brave mom I know had her crowning baby
shoved back up the birth canal and then removed surgically-- again, without my friend's consent.
If having a hospital VBAC is difficult, finding someone to attend a VBAMC (vaginal birth after multiple cesareans) is that much harder. Even though
ACOG itself admits that
two c-sections are not an absolute contraindication to VBAC, it's a rare OB who will agree to attend a trial of labor for a VBA2C, and only then if the mother has had a previous vaginal birth (not necessarily a VBAC). Higher-order VBACs(those occurring after three, four, and even more cesareans, as documented
here) by Kmom in hospitals are nearly unheard of; the majority of OBs, and even many midwives, consider the risks unacceptable. In fact, there are
few studies that look at VBAMC, and
a recent study even suggests that VBA3C moms face risks comparable to any other VBAC mother. Of those
risks, the most loudly trumpeted is
uterine rupture-- something a mom who wants to labor after multiple cesareans is likely to be told is nearly inevitable in her case, even though this assertion is not supported by the evidence. Faced with this fearmongering tactic (referred to by birth advocates as the "dead baby card"), most would-be VBAMC mamas back down, defer to the "expert" obstetrician, and schedule a repeat cesarean-- which will be coded as "elective"-- and honestly, who can blame them? Aren't doctors supposed to know best-- aren't they there to protect our interests as patients, to keep us safe? To
do no harm?It is well to keep in mind that physicians are human, and humans, no matter their ideals or sense of altruism, are ultimately most concerned with their own best interests-- precisely why every pregnant woman, regardless of circumstance or desired birthplace, must educate herself and become her own number-one advocate. ACOG is, first and foremost, a trade union, and it does what such organizations do best: it protects its members. Obstetricians, because they deal intimately with such a life-changing (life-beginning!) process, are targets of litigation- because in our society, if something goes wrong with a delivery, if a family is presented with a so-called "bad baby," they naturally look for someone to blame. It's common wisdom among OBs that "the only c-section you get sued for is the one you don't do"-- in other words, if a baby sustains injury or lasting damage during a vaginal birth, the first question a lawyer seeking reparations will ask the OB is, "Why didn't you do a c-section?" (Or, in this day and age, even "Why didn't you do a c-section sooner?")
Fear of litigation drives medical care in this country, especially where mothers and babies are concerned. Obstetricians pay some of the highest malpractice insurance premiums in the business. So perhaps it's understandable that they panic in the fact of what they see-- what they are conditioned to see-- as unacceptable risk, such as VBAMC.
Dr Wells (note: all names and a few details have been changed, in compliance with HIPAA laws) must have experienced a chill when he got the call from the medical exchange Wednesday night: his 25-year-old patient, Anne, was in labor. Anne has three older children: five, three, and eighteen months. Anne has had three c-sections.
At just 37 weeks' gestation, Anne hadn't expected to go into labor. Her (arbitrarily and probably unwisely) scheduled fourth c-section was still a week away. When she realized that she was having regular contractions only a minute or so apart, it dawned on her that she might behaving this baby sooner than later. She went to the nearest emergency room-- at a small local hospital with no L&D and no maternity services. She was triaged, and the ER nurse quickly determined that she was definitely in labor: Anne was completely dilated, with a bulging amniotic sac. Dr Wells was paged and implored to come,
stat!Dr Wells hit the road running. As soon as he arrived at the emergency department and checked Anne, he called for her to be taken to the nearest OR at once. The staff balked; they did not have the necessary equipment on hand for a cesarean, much less to care for a
late preterm infant. Dr Wells-- who, it must be said, is well known for his colorful vocabulary-- cursed and called the nearest large hospital with a
level III neonatal intensive care unit, demanding that they send a team at once. The NICU staff demurred, stating-- quite reasonably-- that they would be unable to provide a comprehensive neonatal resuscitation team, with all the requisite personnel and equipment, in time. The physician argued, insisting that a nurse and respiratory therapist
must jump into an ambulance at once and drive at full speed to attend a stat section fifteen miles away. Again, the NICU declined, at which point the nurse manager was treated to an unexpurgated rant by the OB.
And Anne? She was still in labor, and within twenty minutes of the irate doctor's arrival, she delivered a healthy seven-pound baby girl-- vaginally, without complications of any kind, right there in the ER. Mother and daughter were transported to the larger hospital, to our mother-baby floor, where I was privileged to care for them until they went home yesterday. When I asked her how her recovery was going, she laughed and said, "It's a world away from a c-section!"
When her OB rounded, he spent less than a minute in his patient's room-- and nearly half an hour with her chart. Dr Wells's main concern, it seemed to me, was to fully document the incident-- concerned, as always, that a lawsuit of some kind might be in the offing. He wasn't interested in the implications: Anne had escaped major surgery-- a surgery he had mandated-- and had instead had an uncomplicated VBAC. She and her baby were happy and healthy-- isn't that all that matters?
Not to this obstetrician. He had lost control of the situation. Instead of a calm, routine cesarean, he was forced to race across town in a mad dash to catch a baby in a hurry. Apparently, non-bankers'-hours obstetrics are not his cup of tea. Will he encourage VBACs for future patients? I doubt it. Will he permit Anne to labor again, if she becomes pregnant in another year or so? Unlikely... he will probably scare her to death with what-if tales of horror, and insist that she submit to a cesarean at 36 weeks. What's one more preemie, if he can continue to circumvent birth?
I'm at a bit of loss, myself, as far as how to feel about this story. I'm thrilled for Anne, who had a quiet everyday miracle of her own in a rural emergency department. But I'm honestly not sure she understands what she accomplished-- or how she did it. I don't know for certain that she's ever even heard the term VBAC-- I'm positive, given that Dr Wells has delivered all her children, that she has never been offered the opportunity to even go into labor, much less have a vaginal birth. If she gets pregnant again, will she go back to Dr Wells, knowing what she does now? Will she demand a VBAC, or will she schedule another section?
